10 hom roj hmab yas thiab daim ntawv thov
Cov lus piav qhia luv luv:
Cov khoom yas yog cov siv dav, thiab muaj ntau ntau cov yas pom muaj nyob niaj hnub no. Cia peb qhia rau koj paub txog 10 hom yas uas siv roj hmab thiab lawv daim ntawv thov
Txhawm rau ua tau zoo hauv kev tsim qauv thiab tsim khoom yas, peb yuav tsum nkag siab cov hom thiab kev siv ntawm cov yas.
Yas yog ib hom kev sib xyaw siab molecular (macrolecules) uas yog polymerized los ntawm sib ntxiv polymerization lossis polycondensation cov tshuaj tiv thaiv nrog monomer ua cov khoom siv raw. Muaj ntau ntau yam ntawm cov yas uas muaj cov khoom sib txawv, tab sis nws yog qhov yooj yim rau hauv lub teeb yuag, yooj yim rau daim ntawv, yooj yim kom tau txais cov ntaub ntawv nyoos thiab tus nqi qis, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog cov zoo tshaj plaws corrosion tsis kam, rwb thaiv tsev thiab kub khaws cia, cuam tshuam los tiv thaiv cov khoom yog dav siv hauv kev lag luam thiab tib neeg lub neej.
Cov yam ntxwv ntawm Plastics:
(1) Cov khoom tseem ceeb ntawm cov khoom nyoos yas yog polymer matrix hu ua cob.
(2) Yas muaj hluav taws xob zoo rau hluav taws xob, cua sov thiab suab: hluav taws xob rwb thaiv tsev, arc tsis kam, kub kev tiv thaiv, suab rwb thaiv tsev, suab zoo, kev nqus suab, kev nqus suab zoo tshaj.
(3), cov txheej txheem zoo, los ntawm kev txhaj tshuaj molding, tuaj yeem ua cov khoom lag luam nrog cov qauv duab, qhov loj me thiab qhov zoo nyob rau lub sijhawm luv luv.
(4) Cov khoom siv yas: nws yog ib hom khoom siv nrog cov khoom siv hluavtaws polymer (polymer) ua cov khoom tseem ceeb, nkag mus rau ntau yam khoom siv lossis qee qhov ntxiv nrog rau kev siv tshwj xeeb, muaj plasticity thiab fluidity nyob rau hauv cov kub thiab lub siab, uas tuaj yeem ua moulded rau hauv ib hom khoom thiab ua kom cov duab tsis hloov pauv nyob rau hauv qee yam mob ..
Kev faib tawm ntawm plastics
Raws li cov qauv tsim ntawm cov qauv hluavtaws, cov khoom siv raw khoom yas suav feem ntau muaj cov thermoplastic thiab thermosetting plastics: rau cov thermoplastic plastics, cov ntaub ntawv yas uas tseem cov yas tom qab cov cua kub rov ua dua yog feem ntau PE / PP / PVC / PS / ABS / PMMA / POM / PC / PA thiab lwm cov ntaub ntawv nyoos. Thermosetting yas mas yog hais txog cov yas ua los ntawm cov cua kub thiab tawv tawv hluavtaws, xws li qee cov yas phenolic thiab cov yas amino. Polymer yog tsim ntawm ntau yam me me thiab yooj yim lwg me me (monomer) los ntawm covalent daim ntawv cog lus.
1. Kev faib raws li cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov khoom siv roj thaum lub sijhawm ua kom sov thiab txias
(1) Thermoset plastics: tom qab cua sov, cov qauv tsim qauv yuav sib koom ua ke hauv cov qauv network. Thaum nws koom ua ke rau hauv lub network polymer, nws yuav tsis muag txawm tias tom qab rov ua dua, qhia qhov hu ua [hloov pauv tsis tau], uas yog tshwm sim los ntawm kev hloov ntawm cov qauv qauv molecular (hloov tshuaj lom neeg).
(2), thermoplastics: yog hais txog cov yas uas yuav yaj tom qab cua sov, ntws mus rau lub pwm rau qhov txias thiab tsim, thiab tom qab ntawd yaj tom qab cua sov. Nws tuaj yeem ua kom sov thiab txias kom ua [hloov pauv rov qab] (kua ← → khov), uas yog qhov sib pauv ntawm lub cev.
A. Cov yas dav dav: ABS, PVC.PS.PE
B. General engineering plastics: PA.PC, PBT, POM, PET
C. Super plastics yam: PPS. LCP
Raws li cov ntawv thov uas nthuav dav, muaj feem ntau cov plastics dav dav xws li PE / PP / PVC / PS thiab engineering plastics xws li ABS / POM / PC / PA. Tsis tas li ntawd, muaj qee cov plastics tshwj xeeb, xws li siab kub thiab av noo tsis kam, tiv thaiv corrosion thiab lwm yam plastics hloov kho rau cov laj thawj tshwj xeeb.
2. Kev cais tawm los ntawm kev siv hnab yas
(1) General yas yog ib hom yas siv dav. Nws cov txiaj ntsig yog loj, xam txog li peb lub hlis ntawm tag nrho cov zis yas, thiab nws tus nqi qis. Nws yog dav siv los ua txhua yam khoom siv nrog kev ntxhov siab me ntsis, xws li TV plhaub, plhaub xov tooj, cov thoob yas, cov thoob yas, thiab lwm yam. Nws muaj kev sib raug zoo heev nrog tib neeg thiab tau dhau los ua ib tug ncej tseem ceeb ntawm kev lag luam yas. Cov khoom siv dav dav siv dav hlau yog PE, PVC, PS, PS, PP, PF, UF, MF, thiab lwm yam.
(2) Engineering plastics Txawm hais tias tus nqi ntawm cov plastics dav dav yog tus nqi tsawg, nws cov khoom siv kho tshuab, kub tsis kam thiab tshuaj tiv thaiv corrosion yog qhov nyuaj kom tau raws li qhov xav tau ntawm cov ntaub ntawv hauv qee cov engineering thiab khoom siv. Yog li ntawd, engineering plastics tuaj rau hauv lub siab. Nws muaj lub zog ntawm cov tshuab muaj zog thiab nruj, tuaj yeem hloov qee cov hlau lossis cov khoom siv tsis zoo, thiab tuaj yeem tsim cov khoom siv tshuab lossis tshuab kev ntxhov siab nrog cov qauv txheej txheem, ntau yam ua tau zoo dua li cov qub uas siv cov tshuab ua haujlwm xws li PA, ABS, PSF, PTFE, POM thiab PC.
(3) Cov ntaub ntawv yas tshwj xeeb, uas muaj cov haujlwm tshwj xeeb, tuaj yeem siv rau qee lub sijhawm tshwj xeeb, xws li cov hlau nplaum ua cov plastics, ionomer plastics, pearlescent plastics, photosensitive plastics, plastics kho mob, thiab lwm yam.
Moulded rau hauv ntau qhov chaw
Daim ntawv thov ntawm 10 hom yas resins:
1. Cov pob zeb dav dav
(1) .PP (polypropylene): kev sib tsoo muaj qhov tsis hnov tsw ntawm roj av, nplaim taws xim tom qab yog xim xiav; ntab dej.
Homopolymer PP: kev ua haujlwm zoo nkauj, nplaim taws, kos hlau, cov cuab yeej hluav taws xob, khoom noj, khoom siv txhua hnub.
Copolymerized PP: cov xim ntuj, txais taws, cov khoom siv hluav taws xob, khoom siv hauv tsev, ntim. Random copolymerization PP: muaj pob tshab heev, ua haujlwm, cov khoom siv kho mob, cov thawv ntim khoom noj, cov khoom ntim
(2) .ABS (polystyrene butadiene propylene copolymer): lub siab ua kom pom tseeb, hlawv pa hluav taws, tsw qab; submerged dej.
ABS cov khoom siv raw: cov khoom ua kom tawv thiab lub zog, ua paug; plhaub hluav taws xob, phaj, cuab yeej, twj paj nruag.
ABS kev hloov kho: ua kom nruj thiab nplaim taws retardant, tsis sib txuas; tsheb seem, qhov hluav taws xob
(3) .PVC (polyvinyl chloride): muaj ntxhiab tsw ntawm chlorine hlawv, ntsuab hauv qab nplaim taws; submerged dej.
Rigid PVC: lub zog muaj zog thiab tawv tawv, nplaim taws rov zoo; tsev ntawv, kav dej.
Mos PVC: hloov tau yooj yim thiab yooj yim txheej txheem, tawv hlawv; cov khoom ua si, khoom siv tes ua, cov hniav nyiaj hniav kub
2. Siv tshuab ua tshuab tsim hluav taws xob
(1) .PC (polycarbonate): nplaim daj, pa taws dub, tshwj xeeb saj, dej hauv qab dej; txhav, siab pob tshab, nplaim taws-tawv tshiab; mobile digital, CD, coj, kev siv txhua hnub.
(2) .PC / ABS (alloy): cov tshuaj tsw qab tshwj xeeb, cov pa luam yeeb daj daj, nqus dej; ua nruj tawv, dawb, nplaim hluav taws-retardant; cov khoom siv hluav taws xob, khoom siv hluav taws xob, khoom siv sib txuas lus.
(3) .PA (polyamide PA6, PA66): xwm qeeb, muaj hluav taws kub daj, hlawv tsw plaub hau; tawv tawv, siab zog, nplaim taws rov qab; khoom siv, tshuab yam, tshuab hluav taws xob.
(4) .POM (polyformaldehyde): hlawv cov xim daj, qis dua xiav xiav, tsw ntxhiab tsw formaldehyde; toughness, siab zog, flammable; iav, cov khoom siv tshuab.
(5) .PMMA (polymethyl methacrylate); tshwj xeeb pungent saj: lub teeb kub sib kis; plexiglass, handicrafts, ornaments, ntim, ua yeeb yaj kiab zaj duab xis.
3. Elastomer yas
(1) .TPU (polyurethane): tshwj xeeb saj; zoo elasticity, toughness thiab hnav tsis kam, flammable; neeg kho tshuab qhov, tshuab hluav taws xob.
(2) .TPE: Cov tshuaj tsw qab tshwj xeeb, nplaim daj; SEBS hloov kho, lub cev hardness kho tau zoo, cov cuab yeej siv tshuaj zoo, nplaim taws; cov khoom ua si, siv ua haujlwm txhaj ob zaug, lub hnab ntim khoom, cov hlua khi, pib qhov khoom, khoom siv kis las
Muaj plaub yam yas tshuab yas: kev txhaj tshuaj molding, extrusion molding, calendering molding thiab molding. Kev txhaj tshuaj molding yog tus txheej txheem loj kom tau txais cov qauv sib txawv thiab qhov loj me me ntawm cov khoom yas. Kev txhaj tshuaj ntau lawm yuav tsum tau ntseeg peb ntu ntawm kev txhaj tshuaj pwm, txhaj tshuaj txhaj tshuaj thiab yas raw khoom kom tiav qhov system.Mestech tsom rua kev txhaj tshuaj yas pwm ua pwm tsim thiab yas ua tshuab pwm rau ntau tshaj 10 xyoo, thiab tau sau cov kev nplua nuj thev naus laus zis thiab kev paub dhau los. Peb tau mob siab rau muab koj nrog pwm kev tsim khoom thiab yas qhov chaw moulding kev pabcuam, thov hu rau peb.
